JLS : Java Glossary

JLS (Java Language Specification). A lawyerly document that specifies the grammar of the Java language. This is the ultimate authority on any question of what is legal syntax in Java and just what any Java program is supposed to do. It is primarily aimed at compiler writers and lawyers. It is all but unintelligible to newbies. It is the bible used to settle language disputes in Internet discussions.

It is written in a language it rarely answers my questions clearly. Perhaps I am too much of a lawyer. I find too many ways of interpreting its language. Most of the time it might as well be written in Chinese. It uses language that to me bears little resemblance to the Java symbols I manipulate. It has too many of its own abstractions. It is written to impress, perhaps as a legal document, but not to explain to ordinary humans who understand best by generalising from examples to get the general idea plus the general rule to nail down the fine points. In short, I have little confidence in my interpretations. It is OK for things I know already, but not for things I find puzzling.

The problem with using experiments to deduce the rules of the Java language is that if something does not work, it may well be for a reason quite different from the thing I am testing. If it does work, there may be no guarantee it will always work, or work in other situations.

To settle a question I use a multi-pronged approach:

1. Do some experiments to develop a working hypotheses of how I think the language works. Even a newbie can perform experiments. The experiments can be polished to become SSCCEs (Simple Self Contained Compilable Examples) for later posting for discussion of unresolved matters. (I have posted all kinds of SSCCEs on this website. You can often use them as a starting point for your own experiments.) Keep the code short and independent of unrelated code. Note to self: if you try to perform your experiments in the middle of a giant project, there are too many factors that many interfere with your conclusions.
2. Read the JLS to see if it concurs. I find it almost impossible to make sense of the JLS unless I already have a hypothesis or two on what it might mean.
3. Bring the issue up in the  comp.lang.java.programer newsgroup for discussion. I will find out quickly if there is controversy and fueled by the desire to prove each other wrong, programmers will settle the issue. The catch is they will chastise me severely for not trusting my own interpretation of the JLS and for disturbing them by posing a question they may optionally discus.

Sources:

• JLS: online specification for JDK 1.8
• JLS: downloadable specification for JDK 1,.8

Books

Book referral for The Java Language Specification, Java SE 8 Edition (Java Series)

	recommend book⇒The Java Language Specification, Java SE 8 Edition (Java Series)
	by	James Gosling, Bill Joy, Guy L. Steele Jr., Gilad Bracha, Alex Buckley	978-0-13-390069-9	paperback
	publisher	Addison-Wesley Professional	B00K54BAO6	kindle
	published	2014-05-16
This is the bible of Java syntax and what a program is supposed to do and allowed to do. It has been updated to cover Java 1.8. It is pretty hard slogging, designed for language lawyers and people who implement compilers. This is not a book to learn Java, but to resolve fine points.
Online bookstores carrying The Java Language Specification, Java SE 8 Edition (Java Series) abe books anz abe books.ca abe books.de amazon.ca amazon.de Chapters Indigo amazon.es Chapters Indigo eBooks iberlibro.com abe books.com abe books.fr amazon.com amazon.fr Barnes & Noble abe books.it Nook at Barnes & Noble amazon.it Kobo junglee.com Google play abe books.co.uk O’Reilly Safari amazon.co.uk Powells other stores
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Book referral for The Java Programing Language, fourth edition

	recommend book⇒The Java Programing Language, fourth edition
	by	Ken Arnold, James Gosling, David Holmes	978-0-321-34980-4	paperback
	publisher	Prentice Hall
	published	2005-08-27
This is not The Java Language Specification, the formal language specification. This is not a suitable book for beginners. The fifth edition, 978-0-13-276168-0, is due out 2013-04-11.
Online bookstores carrying The Java Programing Language, fourth edition abe books anz abe books.ca abe books.de amazon.ca amazon.de Chapters Indigo amazon.es Chapters Indigo eBooks iberlibro.com abe books.com abe books.fr amazon.com amazon.fr Barnes & Noble abe books.it Nook at Barnes & Noble amazon.it Kobo junglee.com Google play abe books.co.uk O’Reilly Safari amazon.co.uk Powells other stores
Greyed out stores probably do not have the item in stock. Try looking for it with a bookfinder.