Windows 10 : Java Glossary

32 or 64 bit

1. Right click Start.
2. Click Control Panel.
3. Click System and Security.
4. Click System. Then look in the middle of the screen where it says system type.

8.3 legacy short file names

To turn off the creation of new 8.3 legacy short shadow file name entries:

Run this in a command prompt as administrator:

1. Right click Start.
2. Type cmd into the search/Cortana box.
3. Click cmd. Optionally click cmd.exe run as administrator.

If some ancient program stops working, you can turn them back on again with:

To actually remove existing 8.3 filenames from the directory, you need:

where Z: is the drive you want to strip. Fsutil not only strips the 8.3 filenames, it renames all legacy references in the registry. Unfortunately, this expands the registry and you cannot undo this. The ideal time to make this change is before you have installed any apps.

In the DOS (Disk Operating System) days, filenames were limited to 12 characters in the 8.3 format. Even today every file is registered under its actual name and a DOS-compatible equivalent name such as TEXTFI~1.TXT for TextFile1.Mine.txt. Programs can look up files by either name. By turning this feature off, you shrink and speed up the directories. However, this just stops the creation of new shadow legacy names. It does not get rid of existing ones. For that you must strip existing 8.3 files.

After you have done this, run a defragger to compact your directories.

Account Control

1. Right click Start.
2. Click Control Panel.
3. In the search control panel box, type uac.
4. Click Change User Account Settings.
5. Adjust the slider.

Change Account Name

1. Right click Start.
2. Click Control Panel.
3. Click User Accounts.
4. Click User Accounts.
5. Click Change your account name.

Change Account Picture

1. Click Start.
2. Click your account at the top of the box.
3. Click Browse and select a picture at least as large as the sample.

Anti-aliasing

1. Right Click Start.
2. Click Control Panel.
3. Click Appearance and Personalisation.
4. Click Font.
5. Click Adjust ClearType Text.
6. Turn on ClearType.

Associations

1. Right click Start.
2. Click Control Panel.
3. Click Programs.
4. Click Default Programs.
5. Click Associate a file type or protocol with a program.
6. Pick an extension and a program to handle it.

Certificates

1. Right click Start.
2. Click Control Panel.
3. Click Network and Internet.
4. Click Internet Options.
5. Click Content.
6. Click Certificates.
7. Click Other People
   [or other category].
8. Select certificate of interest.
9. Click View.
10. Click Details.
11. Optionally export it and import it into Java.

1. log on as administrator.
2. At the command prompt, type:
   certmgr.msc.
3. Follow your nose.

Lets you view or add digital certificates used for SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) encrypted Internet links. Java code-signing certificates do not appear here. Editing certificates is not for novices. You might want to turn off OCSP revocation checking, for example.

Clean junk files off your disks

1. Right click Start.
2. Click Control Panel.
3. Click System and Security.
4. Under Administrative Tools, Click Free up disk space.

Clear Event Log

1. Right click Start.
2. Click Control Panel.
3. Click System and Security.
4. Click Administrative Tools.
5. Double click Event Viewer.
6. Select a log you want to clear.
7. On the click clear log.

Command prompt

1. Right click Start.
2. Type cmd into the search/Cortana box.
3. Click cmd. Optionally click cmd.exe run as administrator.

If you use BAT (Batch) files extensively, you probably should using tcc/TakeCommand instead.

16 bit DOS and Win 3.1 programs no longer work under Windows 10. You need new 32 or 64 bit version of them.

For convenience, create a shortcut for C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe or and put it on your task bar at the bottom of the screen. Ten ways to open the command prompt

Correct Problems

At the command prompt run as administrator:

1. Right click Start.
2. Type cmd into the search/Cortana box.
3. Click cmd. Optionally click cmd.exe run as administrator.
4. Type sfc /scannow.

Create Repair Disc

1. Right click Start.
2. Click Control Panel.
3. Click System and Security.
4. Click Backup and Restore.
5. On the left, click Create a system repair disc.

Date and Time Format

Change the Date/time format:

1. Right click the time in bottom right of screen.
2. Click Date and Time settings.
3. Under Related settings, click Additional date, time & regional settings.
4. Under Region, Click Change Date Time or number formats.
5. Under Formats, you can select the format or write in your own, e.g. yy-MM-dd or yyyy-MM-dd.

Country

1. Right click Start.
2. Click Control Panel.
3. Click Clock, Language and Region.
4. Click Region.
5. Click Formats Tab.
6. Click Format.
7. Click Select your country.
8. Click Location tab.
9. Click Home Location.
10. Click Select your country.
11. Click Administrative tab.
12. Click Copy Settings.
13. Click OK.
14. Click Change System Locale.
15. Click Current System Locale.
16. Click Select your country.
17. Click OK.
18. reboot.

Defender

How to start up the Defender GUI (Graphic User Interface) program.
"C:\Program Files\Windows Defender\MSASCui.exe" "C:\Program Files\Windows Defender\MpCmdRun.exe" is a corresponding command line program. If you use the Defender often, you might set up a short cut to it on your desktop.

Alternatively:

1. Left click Start.
2. Click settings.
3. Click Update & Settings.
4. On the left, click Windows Defender.

Security Essentials has been discontinued. By default, Defender runs all the time aka real time protection. This gives you extra protection, but a hugely slows things down, especially in programs that hammer your disk like browsers or search/replace. I turn it off, and run manual virus scans daily. Windows likes to turn it back on again when I am not looking. To turn real-time scanning off permanenly requires a registry tweak that looks like this:

and run it. It must be preserved in UTF-16LE (little endian) encoding with an FFFE BOM (Byte Order Mark).

Defrag your Disks

1. Right click Start.
2. Click Control Panel.
3. Click System and Security.
4. Under Administrative Tools, click Defragment your hard drive.

Desktop

DNS (Domain Name Service)

To clear the DNS cache:

un the command interpreter (command prompt) as administrator:

1. Right click Start.
2. Type cmd into the search/Cortana box.
3. Click cmd. Optionally click cmd.exe run as administrator.
4. Type ipconfig /flushdns.

If you use DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol), your router or IAP (Internet Access Provider) will provide the IP (Internet Protocol) of the DNS servers automatically, so you don’t have to configure them. Typing ipconfig at the command prompt will display the names of the DNS servers. If you suspect one of your DNS servers is not working properly, you can use ipconfig /renew to ask your IAP to resend the list.

Device Manager

1. Right click Start.
2. Click Control Panel.
3. Click Hardware and Sound.
4. Under Devices and Printers, click Device Manager.

Drive Letters

To change the drive letter of a disk partition, CD (Compact Disc) or DVD drive there are three techniques:

Drive Letter Mapping

1. Right click Start.
2. Click Control Panel.
3. Click System and Security.
4. Click Administrative Tools.
5. Click Computer Management.
6. Under Storage on the left, click Disk Management.
7. Right click the drive/partition you want to change on the right.
8. C/ick Change Drive Letter and Paths.
9. Removable drives are at the very bottom. You will probably have to scroll down to see them.

It is a bit like one of those sliding square puzzles. You can’t change a partition to S: if there already is a partition or device S: even if you plan to change S: to something else soon. You must first change it to something else. If you are doing a major reshuffle, assign all the partitions to temporary drive letters that will not be the permanent set, e.g. X: Y: Z:. Then you can change them to their final letters in any order because all the letters you want to use will be free.

Network Drive Mapping

You can also use:

1. Click File Explorer.
2. Click This PC.
3. Right click map network drive.
4. The drive is the new pseudodrive you want to use in your scripts. The folder is the actual drive or folder you want that pseudodrive to map to.
5. To set up as share of a drive or folder on some other machine, e.g. choose J: as the drive and type in the name // roedy/E$ as the share name where roedy is your computer’s name. Infuriatingly, you can’t simply browse to the E:\directory.

SUBST

You can use subst X: Y:\ to define alias drive letters for existing drives, or subst X: Y:\somedir to create shortcuts to commonly used directories. However, Windows forgets your settings after every reboot. To get around that problem you need to compose a bat file to do the SUBST and install it as the login script. SUBST is quicker and does not fail when other network connections fail. See J Drive for details.

I like to make the DVD-reader always R: and writer always W: on all the machines I use. Scripts work everywhere and I don’t have to think. Be careful reassigning drive letters. Registry references will not automatically be adjusted. You may find programs on that drive stop working. You can’t reset the system partition or the partition CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide on Silicon) booted from. This makes it vary hard to clone a system without help from a BareMetal tools. If you add a drive, swap primary and secondary drives, or change the drive CMOS boots from first, it suddenly forgets its letters and reverts to a default set and very likely will become unbootable.

Eject

1. Press the eject button on the drive.
2. Right click the drive in File Explorer and select eject.
3. Type ejectmedia V: at the command prompt.

Environment Variables

To permanently set environment variables:

1. Right click Start.
2. Click Control Panel.
3. Click System and Security.
4. Click System.
5. Click Advanced System Settings on the left.
6. Click Environment Variables on the bottom.

To more rapidly get to the deeply nested environment variables, set up a shortcut or bat file to C:\Windows\System32\SystemPropertiesAdvanced.exe which does not get you all the way there, but at least most of the way. The icon looks like a LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screen with a big check mark on it.

Folder Icons

You can assign new icons to folders on your desktop two ways:

1. The new icon overlays the old paper folder image.
2. The new icon replaces the old paper folder image.

To start, use Google image to find a new suitable icon. Use Google advance search to limit the search to *.ico files. Download your new icon to your icon collection folder on the desktop. Right click the folder you want to improve. Click properties. Click customise. If you want to overlay, under folder pictures, click choose file. If you want to completely replace the icon, click change icon.

Folder Options

Font Size

1. Right Click Start.
2. Click Control Panel.
3. Click Appearance and Personalisation.
4. Under Display, click Make text and other items larger or smaller.
5. Click use these display settings..
6. Use the slider to select degree of magnification. Some apps will stop working at large magnifications.
7. Sign out and login again.

You may also have to adjust other apps individually.

Format

1. format.exe command line utility.
2. Control panel:
   1. Right click Start.
   2. Click Control Panel.
   3. Click System and Security.
   4. Click Administrative Tools.
   5. Double click Computer Management.
   6. Double click storage.
   7. Double click disk management.
   You can then format partitions.
3. Pop-up. When you insert a blank DVD a dialog box pops up.
   1. click Like flash/Live File System or with CD/DVD/Mastered. See the DVD entry for which to choose.
   .

Group Policy

Host/machine Name/workgroup

1. Right click Start.
2. Click Control Panel.
3. Click System and Security.
4. Click System.
5. Under computer name click change settings.

Icon Arrows

Icon Size

1. Right click on an empty part of the desktop.
2. Select view.
3. Select Large Icons, Medium Icons or Classic Icons for small.

Install Fix

If you are having trouble installing software, Microsoft has a generic fix for various problems that interfere. and install.

Install a Font

To install a font, usually TTF (TrueType Font) or OpenType-TTF:

Streamlined Method

1. Right click the font file.
2. Right click open-with.
3. Select Windows Font Viewer.
4. Click install.

Infuriatingly, you can’t select multiple fonts, even weight variants of the same font. You have to install them one at a time.

Zip Method

1. Double click the zip file.
2. Right click the font file.
3. Right click open-with.
4. Select Windows Font Viewer.
5. Click install.

Control Panel Method

1. Right Click Start.
2. Click Control Panel.
3. Click Appearance and Personalisation.
4. Click Font.
5. Drag your new font file(s) onto the collection of already installed fonts.

IP configuration

1. Left click Start.
2. Click settings.
3. Click network and Internet..
4. On the left, click Ethernet..
5. Right click properties on your connection.
6. Click Internet Protocol Version 4..
7. Click properties..

IP display

1. Right click Start.
2. Type cmd into the search/Cortana box.
3. Click cmd. Optionally click cmd.exe run as administrator.
4. Type IPCONFIG.

Java Control Panel

To access the Java Control Panel:

1. Right click Start.
2. Click Control Panel.
3. Click Programs.
4. Click Java.

.keystore

Lost Icon Recovery

1. Right Click Start.
2. Click Control Panel.
3. Click Appearance and Personalisation.
4. Click Personalisation.
5. Click Change Desktop and Icons (in the left panel).
6. Then make sure all the icons you want to see are selected and you hit restore to default, e.g. restore computer, network, user and the recycle bin. To recover your file explorer icon, create a shortcut to C:\Windows\explore.exe.

Memory Test

To run a memory diagnostic test.

1. Right click Start.
2. Click Control Panel.
3. Click System and Security.
4. Click Administrative Tools.
5. Click Windows Memory Diagnostic.

Menu

The menu structure is kept in directory trees as *.lnk files.

"C:\Users\user\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Programs\" There are also frequently used pinned entries in: "C:\Users\user\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Internet Explorer\Quick Launch\User Pinned\StartMenu\"

Menu items accessible to all users are stored in:

Mouse Configuration

1. Left click Start.
2. Click settings.
3. Click the icon above devices.
4. On the left, click mouse and touchpad.
5. Click additional mouse options.

Unfortunately the option to display the cursor when you hit Ctrl does not work on my machine.

NTP (Network Time Protocol) Clock Setting

Installing the free Meinberg NTP software for Windows is very easy to set up. It does not require run as administer. It automatically probes using a pool of NTP servers. It is very accurate. It is superior in every way to the default SNTP tm32.exe default method.

Old OS

Windows 10 will delete the files from your old OS in windows.old after a month. To free up the space earlier:

1. Left click Start.
2. Click settings.
3. Click System.
4. Click Storage.
5. Click This PC (C:).
6. Click Temporary files.
7. Click Delete Previous OS.

pagefile.sys

1. Right click Start.
2. Click Control Panel.
3. Click System and Security.
4. Click System.
5. Click Advanced system settings on the left.
6. Under performance, click Settings.
7. Click Advanced.
8. Click Change under virtual memory.

Performance Monitoring

To see what percentage of your disk i/o, CPU (Central Processing Unit) capacity etc you are using:

1. Click Start.
2. Type perfmon into the Cortana box.

Printer Cancelling

To cancel/abort a print job:

1. Right click Start.
2. Click Control Panel.
3. Under Hardware and Sound click view devices and printers.
4. Right click the printer of interest on See What’s Printing.
5. Right click on the print job you want to cancel.

Printer Sharing

1. Right click Start.
2. Click Control Panel.
3. Under Hardware and Sound, click view devices and printers.
4. Right click the printer of interest on Printer Properties not Properties.
5. Click Sharing tab.
6. Click Change Sharing Options.
7. Check Share this printer.

Anyone wanting to use the shared printer must first:

1. Right click Start.
2. Click Control Panel.
3. Click Network and Internet.
4. Click view network computers and devices.
5. Right click on the computer that has the printers you want to use.
6. Click open and login to that computer. You must have an account on it.
7. Double click that computer. Its printers will display.
8. Right click the printer you want to connect to, and select connect.
9. Repeat for other printers you want to connect to.

Just once, you have to turn on the ability to share printers and possibly the ability to let others share your printers. You do that with:

1. Right click Start.
2. Click Control Panel.
3. Click Network and Internet.
4. Under Network and Internet click Network and Sharing Center.
5. On the left click advanced sharing settings.

For more detail, see the printer sharing entry.

Program Data

QuickLaunch

Remove Obsolete OSes (Operating Systems)

Remove obsolete OSes from the boot menu.

Repair Explorer

Sometimes Windows explorer complains when you double click a directory, saying it is missing an association. To repair it:

1. Visit TenForums and download the registry patches for Directory, lnk and Folder.
2. Start a command prompt run as administrator.
3. Insert each patch into the registry by typing its name, e.g. Directory.reg

You can correct most other broken associations the same way.

Restore Point

To turn off restore point checkpointing:

1. Right click Start.
2. Click Control Panel.
3. Click System and Security.
4. Click System.
5. On the left, click System Protection.
6. Select drive.
7. Click Configure.

1. Right click Start.
2. Click Control Panel.
3. Click System and Security.
4. Click System.
5. On the left, click System Protection.
6. Click Create.

Run

1. Right click Start.
2. Click Run.

To open a command prompt box with run as administrator option, where you can enter many commands:

1. Right click Start.
2. Type cmd into the search/Cortana box.
3. Click cmd. Optionally click cmd.exe run as administrator.

Schedule a Task

To schedule a bat/btm file to run at a certain time periodically:

1. Right click Start.
2. Click Control Panel.
3. Click System and Security.
4. Click Administrative Tools.
5. Click Schedule Task.
6. Click Task Scheduler Library.
7. To edit an existing task, right click properties.

Shared Disk Accessing

To access a shared disk:

1. Right click Start.
2. Click Control Panel.
3. Click Network and Internet.
4. Under Network Sharing Centre, click View Network Computers.
5. Click the desired computer.
6. Right click the desired disk.
7. Right click map network drive.
8. Select an unused drive letter on your machine to represent the shared folder.

Sharing your directory over a LAN

1. Find the folder in the explorer.
2. Right click share as.
3. Click the user you want to share with.

Show Hidden Files

To display hidden files in directory listings:

1. Right Click Start.
2. Click Control Panel.
3. Click Appearance and Personalisation.
4. Click File Explorer Options.
5. Click view.
6. Uncheck hide extensions for known file types
7. Check show hidden files, folders and drives.

SNTP (Simple Network Time Protocol) Clock Setting

To set the date and time from an atomic clock on the web:

NTP is superior in every way to the default SNTP w32tm.exe, so I do not recommend the following SNTP method of setting your clock.

What’s wrong with SNTP?

• To have to trigger the time resyncing probes manually.
• You can only use one time server.
• It is up to you to chose an optimal time server manually.
• It only runs as administrator.
• It requires you to start a service
• It uses the stripped down SNTP protocol, not the full accurate NTP protocol.

Periodically resync the clock with:

rem sntpresync.bat
rem make sure clock is accurate
rem must run as administator
rem start service, need be done only once after boot.
sc.exe start W32Time
rem probe an atomic clock on the web to resync the clock
w32tm.exe /resync

I suggest you Install the free Meinberg NTP software instead.

1. Right click the time in bottom right of screen.
2. Click Date and Time settings.
3. Under Related settings, click Additional date, time & regional settings.
4. Under Date and Time, click Set the Time and Date
5. Click Internet Time
6. Click Change Settings
7. Click Update Now

Don’t use this to adjust daylight savings. If you have the time zone configured properly the leaping forward and back should happen automatically. Using it to adjust for DST (Daylight Saving Time) will screw up your file dates which are based on invariant GMT/UTC.

Synchronises with Microsoft atomic clock, time.windows.com. That server is quite unreliable, so I suggest replacing it with another from this list of timeservers. If that does not work, try SetClock. I have mine set to ca.pool.ntp.org to select a server from a pool of Canadian NTP timeservers. To sync the clock, you must run w32tm.exe which will only work after the W32Time service is started. You must run as administrator. I recommend using NTP instead.

Add To Start Menu

Startup Programs

1. Click Ctrl-Alt-Del holding all three keys down.
2. Click Start Task Manager.
3. Click the Startup Tab.
4. Right click on the program you want to enable/disable.

Stopping a Program

Sometimes a program won’t stop, or won’t start because another copy of the program got stuck half way through stopping. To stop a program:

1. Click Ctrl-Alt-Del holding all three keys down.
2. Click Start Task Manager.
3. Right click on the Program you want to stop.
4. Left Click end task.

Suppress Peek

If you let your mouse wander into the bottom right corner of the screen, (and perhaps other magic places), suddenly your app will disappear and you will see the desktop. This is called peeking. To suppress this behaviour:

1. Right click on an empty part of the task bar at the bottom of the screen.
2. Right click properties.
3. Unselect Use peek to preview the desktop when you move your mouse to the show desktop button at the end of the task bar.

Task Bar

To move the task bar from the side back to the bottom:

1. Unlock the task bar by right clicking it and deselecting lock tool bar.
2. Left click an unused part of the task bar and drag it to the bottom. It will suddenly jump to the bottom, not move smoothly as with other dragging, so it looks as if nothing is happening.
3. Right click an empty region of the task bar.
4. Click Properties.
5. Select task bar icon size and other properties.
6. Relock the task bar.

To create more room on the task bar.

1. Right click Cortana on the task bar.
2. Left click Cortana.
3. Left click Show Cortana icon.

Themes

To select a new theme:

1. Right click anywhere on open space on the desktop.
2. Click Personalize.
3. Click theme.
4. Click theme settings under themes.
5. Click get more themes online to get Microsoft’s themes.
6. If you don’t want transparent borders, click Color and deselect transparency.
7. Alternatively, search the Internet for Windows 10 themes to find third party themes and follow the instructions. Beware of Trojan horses and id theft.

Transparency

To turn off transparent window borders:

1. Right click on an empty part of the desktop.
2. Click Personalize.
3. Click Colours.
4. Uncheck enable transparent class.

Uninstall

1. Right click on an empty part of the desktop.
2. Under Programs, click Uninstall a program.

Unsharing a folder over a LAN

1. Right click Start.
2. Click Control Panel.
3. Click Network and Internet.
4. Under Network Sharing Center, click View network computers and devices.
5. Double click the icon representing your computer.
6. Right click the folder you want to stop sharing.
7. Click share with.
8. Click Advanced Sharing.
9. Click the Share tab.
10. Click Advanced Sharing again, but this time the one with a shield.
11. Untick Share this folder.

This is insane. You should be able to unshare by right clicking the directory in the explorer.

Update Check

To force a check for updates to Windows 10:

1. Right click Start.
2. Type cmd into the search/Cortana box.
3. Click cmd. Optionally click cmd.exe run as administrator.
4. Type C:\Windows\System32\control.exe /name Microsoft.WindowsUpdate.

Version

1. At the command prompt, type winver.
2. If you use Take Command, you can type ver to get both the TCC (Take Command Command line) and Windows version.

Wallpaper

Weather for your city

To configure the default city for which Windows displays the weather:

1. Left click on Start.
2. Click the weather tile.
3. Click the cog icon in the bottom left of the weather window.
4. Select default location.
5. Type your preferred city with state and country into the search box.
6. Close with the X icon.