SOAP : Java Glossary
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SOAP
SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol) is a protocol standard managed by W3C. Microsoft, IBM and Apache have all implemented it. SOAP is a lightweight protocol for exchange of information in a decentralized, distributed environment. It is an XML based protocol that consists of three parts: an envelope that defines a framework for describing what is in a message and how to process it, a set of encoding rules for expressing instances of application-defined datatypes, and a convention for representing remote procedure calls and responses. Now you know. :-)

Soap is a species of XML with envelopes to help you tell what kind of data you have. If you have many different sort of messages going back and forth over your HTTP connection, SOAP provides a way of identifying them and packing data in a standard way. The price you pay is obscene overhead.

You could look on SOAP as a stripped down CORBA or a language-agnostic RMI designed to sell more bandwidth.

SOAP is usually piggybacked on HTTP, but it could be sent over raw sockets, or even in theory exchanged in files sent by sneakernet. It is just XML.

Microsoft retired the SOAP toolkit in 2005.

You can check out the following websites for more detail:

Soap.org has nothing whatsoever to do with the SOAP protocol, neither does pg.com.
Apache Axis
Apache Axis2
CXF
Sun’s SOAP tutorial
XML
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